Multidisciplinary Approach for Type 2 Diabetes Management
We know the most successful management of Type 2 Diabetes needs to have a multidisciplinary approach for long term lifestyle change.
When it comes to management of Type 2 Diabetes it is ideal to have;
- Nutritional support from a dietitian,
- Medical intervention/management from a general practitioner,
- Education from a diabetes educator,
- Foot health checks from a podiatrist,
- Safe exercise prescribed from an exercise physiologist and,
- Many other services depending on the individual and their needs.
Why Exercise Matters for Type 2 Diabetes
Regular exercise helps manage multiple areas of health
- Improves blood glucose control
- Increases insulin sensitivity
- Supports weight management
- Improves heart health
- Boost mood and energy
Even small increases in your daily physical activity levels can have an impact on these areas.
The Science Behind “Exercise as Medicine” for Type 2 Diabetes
When we move, our muscles contract and to do so they require the use of energy, this energy most often comes from glucose. During exercise glucose uptake into the muscles is increased due to an increase in the demand for energy. For glucose to get into the muscle cells from the blood stream they require the use of insulin.
In those with type 2 diabetes, it is common to have insulin resistance which makes it harder for the cells to take in blood glucose, ultimately leading to an increase in blood glucose levels. Over time with consistent exercise there is an improvement in insulin responsiveness and insulin sensitivity of the muscle cells, therefore decreasing blood glucose levels.
Not only does exercise act on insulin sensitivity it also has a role in improved glucose uptake by the cells, increased glucose storage in the muscles, hormonal regulation, enhanced daily energy use.
Strength training builds muscle, the more muscle mass we have, the more capacity we have for storage of glucose (as glycogen), allowing for less glucose levels to be in the blood. When we have more muscle mass it takes more energy for our muscles to complete daily task, therefore this is another way we can ultise more glucose and lower the amount found in the blood.
Getting Started
In your initial consultation with an exercise physiologist, they will discuss with you any medical conditions, how you are currently managing your type 2 diabetes, areas of pain, assess what you are currently doing exercise wise, set goals, complete some assessments and build a plan that is appropriate for you. Education regarding diabetes and exercise management is also given and the signs to look out for if your blood glucose levels drop too low when exercising.
Type 2 Diabetes and How Exercise Physiologists Can Help
An exercise physiologist will work with you to build an exercise program that is evidence based and appropriate for current level. Most exercise programs given to those with type 2 diabetes will consist of elements of strengthening and cardiovascular exercise.
Along with creating an exercise program your exercise physiologist will educate you on;’
- The blood glucose levels that are safe to exercise within,
- Identifying the signs that can occur when your blood sugars levels get too low,
- The importance of exercising to reduce the risk of developing complications associated with type 2 diabetes (e.g. heart disease, kidney disease, nerve damage)
Exercise physiology is different from just “joining a gym” it’s giving you tools and education to build healthy and sustainable lifestyle changes.